Reflections on World's Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reflections on World's Leadership - Essay Example Effective leaders are capable of setting and achieving challenging goals along with taking speedy and crucial actions even in complicated circumstances. These activities are undertaken by the leaders to outperform their opposition and also to take designed risks for the purpose of persevering in the state of failure. Effective communication skills, confidence, ability to handle others and willingness to adopt changes also exemplify good leaders. Not all leaders are able to follow these broad aspects while deploying their leadership. However, those who are able to follow are characterized as good leaders but on the other hand those who are not able to comply with the fundamental aspects of leadership can be considered to be bad leaders (Daft, 2008; Fairholm, 2011). Correspondingly, the essay will specifically highlight a good leader i.e. Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum and a bad leader i.e. President Bashar al-Assad in terms of their stance in a societal context. The essay will also pr ovide an in-depth knowledge pertaining to the aspects that highlight both the leaders’ leadership style. In addition, the essay will also reflect upon valuable aspects of both the leaders that put them in good and bad leadership positions. In-depth knowledge in this respect would prove to provide valuable insights about both individual’s leadership patterns as well. Analysis of Leadership Dimensions of Two Leaders Background and Contributions of Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum According to Daft (2008), certain desirable characteristics of a preferred leader whom the followers like to follow vehemently include forward thinking, honest, inspiring and competent. With this consideration, it can be apparently observed that Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum who is currently the Prime Minister and Vice President in the United Arab Emirates possesses these valuable qualities. He is also one of the rulers in Dubai. He has been holding these positions since the year 2006 begi nning from the month of January. He was born in the year 1949 on July 15th in the Al Maktoum house in Shindagha, which is located near a famous stream of Dubai. He has been deploying his wide assortment of duties since 2006 in a very skillful and effective manner, which substantiates his competence. Also, he has been able to work upon the interests of the public which puts him in a very good position as a forward thinking leader. He had been witnessed to get involved in various activities i.e. allowing free funds in mosques and launching initiatives to support the World Health Organization (WHO) among various other activities, which prove his loyalty for the people along with his forward thinking characteristic. In addition, he displayed his leadership attributes in a diversified and well-grounded manner. There are many instances and events that corroborate his valuable contributions towards the region where he leads. In the month September 2007, it has been reported that he launche d the Dubai Cares campaign. This campaign was primarily launched for the purpose of raising money in order to educate around 1 million children in most of the poor countries. The broader aim of the campaign was to ensure Dubai's active involvement to the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. It was essentially targeted for offering the ‘Children’s Primary Education to every child’ in the UN by 2015. The amount which was donated for this campaign

Comparative Analysis of the Movie Essay Example for Free

Comparative Analysis of the Movie Essay The movies have good story lines and scripts. Since both the movies were music and dance based, the music of the movies has been very good. Fish Tank Nowhere Boy Year of Release 2009 2010 Genre and Theme Drama Drama Storyline brief/ Narrative Based on the life of the girl who likes to go for the street dancing. Based on the life of the boy who was living with aunt and wanted to be a guitarist. Characters Leading character of the movie is the 21st century girl but she lives alone and just practices her street dance. Leading character of the movie is the boy of 21st century too but wanted to learn playing guitar and want to forget everything of his past. Locations (Shown and Shot) Mardyke Estate in Havering Liverpool and at Ealing Studios in West London Costume: Dressing Designer Culture represented Usually in the denim and T-shirt, boxers, track suits, hip-hop or street dance costumes. Jane Petrie Present culture Sophisticated dressing as per the role requirement of a guitarist and usually in proper uniform like school uniform or formal school uniform. Juliar Day Present culture. Settings of the movie This was the art movie and based on dance. The girl lived with mother and sister. This movie was also the art movie but based on instrument playing. Single family of Aunt and John was the main setting. Attitude of leading characters towards the world In this movie, Mia lives isolated from the world and she only do practice of her street dancing in her house. John live with his aunt and enjoy the social culture like going out on trips, parties etc with friends. Mode of enjoyment of the leading characters Mia only likes to dance so she enjoys that. Johnson likes to play guitar and he only like to do that. Similarity The movie was based on an art form, teenager or youth oriented. The characters wanted to learn particular dance form. She saw a street dancer which become source of inspiration This movie was also based on art teenager or youth oriented. The character wanted to learn particular music. He attended a show which became his source of inspiration for learning and playing Guitar. Difference The movie is female oriented, where the comparatively new dance form of Street dancing has been focused. In this movie, the leading character wanted to learn guitar and enjoyed playing Guitar the most and was excellent with that. His passion for Guitar has made him practice as much as he could perform much beyond his age like professionals. Conclusion In both the movies, the main aspect was to show the life of the teenage girl and a boy that how the society deals with. In Fish Tank, Mia was the girl who got admired by the street dancers who were performing and in Nowhere Boy also, John got admired from the guitarist who can be able to play much better than the band. And in both the movies, director had shown clearly that the future is influenced by the past. So Mia got tensed in the movie Fish Tank as she heard that Connor had left them and in Nowhere Boy, John was also got irritated due to his past. These movies was generally built for the young generation people as they already have pressure of studies and their hobbies and what they want to be in their life. Society also provide pressure to them which result in making pressure in the mind of the child and due to this many children left studying and they got distracted from their hobbies too. Reference British Film Industry available at http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/in_depth/entertainment/2003/british_film_industry/default. stm Curran and Porter, 1993 British Cinema History, London: Weidenfeld Nicholson 9-23 Murphy, R. ed. , 2009 The British Cinema Book, London: BFI, 1-64, 65-142 Fish Tank official website http://www. michaelfassbender. org/episodesfte. html http://www. hollywoodreporter. com/hr/film-reviews/fish-tank-film-review-1003973214. story Image Fish Tank from http://www. movieroar. com/images/fish-tankpster1. jpg Nowhere Boy Movie Review http://www. futuremovies. co. uk/review. asp? ID=1110 No Where Boy movie details available at http://www. nowhereboy. co. uk/ http://www. hollywoodreporter. com/hr/film-reviews/nowhere-boy-film-review-1004031851. story.

The Role of the Nurse Educator in Prenatal Care Essay -- Healthy Preg

Many people view childbirth as a joyful and fulfilling event. Writer Paul Carvel stated, â€Å"To witness the birth of a child is our best opportunity to experience the meaning of the word miracle† (as cited in Brill, 2011, Well Pregnancy Links section, para. 3). Irish dramatist, George Bernard Shaw further explained, â€Å"Life is a flame that is always burning itself out, but it catches fire again every time a child is born† (as cited in Moncur, 2010, p. 1). Yet, along with the joy of bringing another human being into this world come concerns about the appropriate medical decisions that need to be made by the mother. It is not uncommon for women to have questions and concerns about what it is they can and cannot do throughout their pregnancy. Undoubtedly, the key to a healthy pregnancy is seeking adequate prenatal care. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [Office on Women’s Health] (2009), â€Å"Babies of mothers who do not get prenatal care are three times more likely to have a low birth weight and five times more likely to die than those born to mothers who do get care† (p. 1). This is where the prenatal nurse educator plays a major role. A prenatal nurse educator specializes in prenatal care and has acquired advance knowledge, usually a Bachelor or Master of Science in Nursing degree, that ensures that both the mother and the baby are healthy. The prenatal nurse job requirements include performing physical assessments, ordering and interpreting lab results, and teaching various childbirth techniques. The prenatal nurse educator helps aid the expecting mother throughout the prenatal period, during delivery, and even after the delivery of the baby. The nurse educator is able to bet ter prepare expecting mothers fo... ...regnant mother consumes alcohol, it is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream and crosses the placenta putting the fetus at risk for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), which causes permanent birth defects. â€Å"Approximately 40,000 infants are born with a FASD, a number that has remained unchanged for the past 10 years in the U.S.† (March & Frozena, 2010). Childbirth is a very exceptional experience that comes with its own set of medical anxieties. Babies are continuously being born every day to frightened mothers who do not know what to expect. Prenatal nurses help make childbirth less terrifying by guiding mothers throughout the entire process. As a result, the prenatal nurse profession is growing significantly. Prenatal nurse educators are a great strength to expecting mothers. Prenatal nurse educators help make the experience of giving life more enjoyable.

Antz Movie – Sociology

ANTZ 1. Define social class. Name at least two social classes depicted in the movie.  ·Social class: a defined set by social stratification where people are grouped into a set of hierarchical social categories  ·Social Classes in ANTZ i. Worker ants ii. Soldier ants iii. Royal ants 2. Who make up the underclass in the ant colony?  ·The underclass in the ant colony is considered to be the worker ants. 3. Give one example of social mobility in the movie. An example of social mobility in the movie is when â€Å"Z† and his friend, Weaver the soldier, switch jobs before the royal review. This change can be though of as vertical mobility since â€Å"Z’s† rank is considered to be upward and Weaver’s downward. 4. What does the term â€Å"life chances† mean? What are the life chances of the ants in the movie?  ·A life chance is the likeliness of obtaining and maintaining the material and nonmaterial things in life. According to the book, life chances decreased as social class level declines.In the movie, the royal ants appeared to eat the good of the land, while the worker ants moved the good of the land or earth. 5. Define class consciousness. Give one example of class consciousness depicted in the movie.  ·Class consciousness: Awareness of one's place in a system of social classes as it relates to the class struggle.  ·There are several instances where the ants become class conscious. The scene where â€Å"Z† is talking to Aztec shows that they understand what class they are in, but choose to take different outlooks on it.The fighting scene in the bar where the worker ants fight against the soldiers is also another instance. 6. Define false consciousness. Give one example of false consciousness depicted in the movie.  ·False consciousness is depicted in the movie when the worker ants accept what the General Mandible says when he break up the rallies that emerged after â€Å"Z† kidnaps the princess. Through out the movie a dominant ant gave orders to worker ants and they accepted them, which is what false consciousness is; the acceptance of the dominant ideology. . Define lifestyle. What are the lifestyle differences of the ants in the movie?  ·Lifestyle: the differences in the way people live among social classes  ·In the movie the perspective of what other ants did weren’t always correct. In the movie â€Å"Z† believed that the princess had no real labor to do while he had tons of earth to move daily. The biggest lifestyle difference in the movie is probably behavior and an understanding of who one is. 8. Is the ant colony a caste system? If yes, explain how. In the movie ANTZ there is a scene where the antlings are assigned worker or soldier. Because of that scene it is safe to say yes, the ant colony is caste system. 9. Use one of the sociological perspectives to explain the stratification as depicted in the movie.  ·The functionalist perspective seems to fit wi th the movie because each aspect of the ant’s colony is interdependent and contributes to their colony's functioning as a whole. 10. How does the movie ANTZ relate to social stratification? In the movie we were introduced to ants as workers, soldiers, and royalty. They all had a meaningful purpose, but were viewed differently among the social classes. No matter who was upper or lower the ants couldn’t survive if everyone wasn’t accounted for and active. It is their acting like a colony that they survive in this movie. This is the same with social stratification. Social Stratification can be viewed as functional for the social order because it motivates people to undertake all the jobs necessary for the society to survive.

Social media

All three articles promote the concept of using social media to build and maintain relationships with the public. In the state of emergency all three highlight the significance of social media networks because they allow for Instant communication between lost family members, volunteers and emergency services. Article 1 concludes that companies that are active on social media need to follow 3 strategies: disclosure or openness, Information delimitation and Interactivity and Involvement (Men & Tsar 2011).Both Article 1 and 3 both underline poor use of social medals attention and recommended online Interaction through two-way communication, which Includes replying or acknowledging user posts and comments, and posting content for entertainment purposes rather than just promotion. Article 2 showcases how organizations can better use social media platforms to interact and build relationships with their publics.The studies in all three articles reveal that overall the Chinese level of engag ement with corporate social network sites was rated at the medium level because users on Render (Chinese social media site) viewed social Edie as a platform to ask enquiries not Just view marketing and promotion material. 3) The common theme found in the research surrounding ‘social media' is its rapid transformation over the past ten years and how its use can go beyond its original intention. Backbone, was referred to at the time as a college version of Friends (DRP.Curtis 2013). Backbone and Twitter have developed new features to companies to stay relevant in the new digital age. Social media has changed communication channels and mediums over the last 10 years (Pashas 2013). All of the articles display the significance of creating a ‘sense of community belonging and affiliation' because social media connects and engages people from the comfort of their own home. However, our group learnt that organizations do not utilize social media to its best potential in relation to creating user to company relationships.As seen in the additional two articles ‘Moms for Blobbing' (source 1) and ‘China's Social Medal Fuel Citizen Quake Response' (source 2), social media Is connecting societies and communities around the world. As seen In source 2 the ability of civil society groups o coordinate a relief effort were â€Å"enhanced by Sins Hello, the Twitter-Like microbiology that did not exist in 2008 but now has more than 500 million users â€Å"(c)level society Is much more capable today compared to 2008,† (Levin 2013).All five articles and additional research highlight the evolution of social prom has the ability to influence people's attitudes and behaviors. 4) When it comes to social media and public relations the ability to form, build and maintain affiliations is a pivotal factor and will assist an organization to attain positive public relationships. As Ferguson stated ‘relationships – not the organization, nor the publi c, nor the communication process – should be the unit of study in public relations (Manager 2012).Therefore the relationship theory, which focuses on public relationships, is proposed by a number of scholars. As recommended in all the supporting articles time invested [in creating and maintaining relationships] makes a difference' (Sterner 2012). The relationship theory best demonstrates the conclusions of all articles because it supports the concept of developing ‘a social Edie strategy to grow virtual communities with stakeholders' (Lovely, Waters & Sexton 2012). It also promotes effectively building and maintaining relationships between the organization and the publics.However as illustrated in the articles 1, 2 and 3, the effective execution of this may be limited due to ‘cognitive dissonance' through the instruction received on application of social media. The notion of organizational public relationships as core to public relations is the focus of scholars B urning and Laddering (2000, p. 9) who state that, â€Å"the purpose and direction of an organization (its mission) is affected by relationships with key constituents (publics) in the organizational environment†.The emergence of social media has altered public communication and interaction from human-tachometer to human-to-human and human-to-content. The excellence theory provides a rich and abundance body of knowledge in public relations and a key finding in the study found that PR is a â€Å"unique management function that helps an organization interact with the social and political components of its environment† (des Chic,J & Snotty, G 2009). Social media All three articles promote the concept of using social media to build and maintain relationships with the public. In the state of emergency all three highlight the significance of social media networks because they allow for Instant communication between lost family members, volunteers and emergency services. Article 1 concludes that companies that are active on social media need to follow 3 strategies: disclosure or openness, Information delimitation and Interactivity and Involvement (Men & Tsar 2011).Both Article 1 and 3 both underline poor use of social medals attention and recommended online Interaction through two-way communication, which Includes replying or acknowledging user posts and comments, and posting content for entertainment purposes rather than just promotion. Article 2 showcases how organizations can better use social media platforms to interact and build relationships with their publics.The studies in all three articles reveal that overall the Chinese level of engag ement with corporate social network sites was rated at the medium level because users on Render (Chinese social media site) viewed social Edie as a platform to ask enquiries not Just view marketing and promotion material. 3) The common theme found in the research surrounding ‘social media' is its rapid transformation over the past ten years and how its use can go beyond its original intention. Backbone, was referred to at the time as a college version of Friends (DRP.Curtis 2013). Backbone and Twitter have developed new features to companies to stay relevant in the new digital age. Social media has changed communication channels and mediums over the last 10 years (Pashas 2013). All of the articles display the significance of creating a ‘sense of community belonging and affiliation' because social media connects and engages people from the comfort of their own home. However, our group learnt that organizations do not utilize social media to its best potential in relation to creating user to company relationships.As seen in the additional two articles ‘Moms for Blobbing' (source 1) and ‘China's Social Medal Fuel Citizen Quake Response' (source 2), social media Is connecting societies and communities around the world. As seen In source 2 the ability of civil society groups o coordinate a relief effort were â€Å"enhanced by Sins Hello, the Twitter-Like microbiology that did not exist in 2008 but now has more than 500 million users â€Å"(c)level society Is much more capable today compared to 2008,† (Levin 2013).All five articles and additional research highlight the evolution of social prom has the ability to influence people's attitudes and behaviors. 4) When it comes to social media and public relations the ability to form, build and maintain affiliations is a pivotal factor and will assist an organization to attain positive public relationships. As Ferguson stated ‘relationships – not the organization, nor the publi c, nor the communication process – should be the unit of study in public relations (Manager 2012).Therefore the relationship theory, which focuses on public relationships, is proposed by a number of scholars. As recommended in all the supporting articles time invested [in creating and maintaining relationships] makes a difference' (Sterner 2012). The relationship theory best demonstrates the conclusions of all articles because it supports the concept of developing ‘a social Edie strategy to grow virtual communities with stakeholders' (Lovely, Waters & Sexton 2012). It also promotes effectively building and maintaining relationships between the organization and the publics.However as illustrated in the articles 1, 2 and 3, the effective execution of this may be limited due to ‘cognitive dissonance' through the instruction received on application of social media. The notion of organizational public relationships as core to public relations is the focus of scholars B urning and Laddering (2000, p. 9) who state that, â€Å"the purpose and direction of an organization (its mission) is affected by relationships with key constituents (publics) in the organizational environment†.The emergence of social media has altered public communication and interaction from human-tachometer to human-to-human and human-to-content. The excellence theory provides a rich and abundance body of knowledge in public relations and a key finding in the study found that PR is a â€Å"unique management function that helps an organization interact with the social and political components of its environment† (des Chic,J & Snotty, G 2009).

Free Essays on International Business Communication Barriers

The international marketplace is changing rapidly. E-commerce is now a standard way to do business. The Internet has opened up vast opportunities for corporations to penetrate new markets and territories. As the economy is becoming more global in nature, companies are handling more business on an international level. Gronlund (1999) stated that one main reason behind this rapid growth is competition. International corporations are eager to use any resources available to gain market share wherever possible. While this kind of business enriches the international economy, there are communication barriers that sometimes prohibit further expansion in the global marketplace. In order for businesses to be effective they need to tackle the sometimes hidden culture issues that hamper smooth communications, or worse, halting growth all together. Companies, who do not take the time to research cultural beliefs and philosophies before conducting business, often fail their objectives beca use they simply do not possess the knowledge of their client’s cultural diversity. Each culture has its own rules about proper behavior that affect verbal and nonverbal communication. Whether a person looks the other in the eye-or not, or how close the people stand to each other when they are talking, are all rules of politeness that may differ from culture to culture. While cultural misunderstandings can probably never be eliminated, there are companies that have gone to great lengths to insure that their products or services adapt to different cultural beliefs. They have identified the challenges, and have broken key communication barriers such as language, technology, management styles, and needs. From their efforts, they have formed solid bridges to conduct their business. There is several communication challenges international companies face when conducting business globally. One main barrier is language. Non-English speaking employees may fee... Free Essays on International Business Communication Barriers Free Essays on International Business Communication Barriers The international marketplace is changing rapidly. E-commerce is now a standard way to do business. The Internet has opened up vast opportunities for corporations to penetrate new markets and territories. As the economy is becoming more global in nature, companies are handling more business on an international level. Gronlund (1999) stated that one main reason behind this rapid growth is competition. International corporations are eager to use any resources available to gain market share wherever possible. While this kind of business enriches the international economy, there are communication barriers that sometimes prohibit further expansion in the global marketplace. In order for businesses to be effective they need to tackle the sometimes hidden culture issues that hamper smooth communications, or worse, halting growth all together. Companies, who do not take the time to research cultural beliefs and philosophies before conducting business, often fail their objectives beca use they simply do not possess the knowledge of their client’s cultural diversity. Each culture has its own rules about proper behavior that affect verbal and nonverbal communication. Whether a person looks the other in the eye-or not, or how close the people stand to each other when they are talking, are all rules of politeness that may differ from culture to culture. While cultural misunderstandings can probably never be eliminated, there are companies that have gone to great lengths to insure that their products or services adapt to different cultural beliefs. They have identified the challenges, and have broken key communication barriers such as language, technology, management styles, and needs. From their efforts, they have formed solid bridges to conduct their business. There is several communication challenges international companies face when conducting business globally. One main barrier is language. Non-English speaking employees may fee...

history4 essays

history4 essays Africa is the world's second-largest continent, the biggest after Asia. It is more than three times the size of the U. States. It also contains more independent nations than any other continent on Earth-55 in all. Africa is centrally located on the Earth's surface. It straddles the Equator, extending for thousands of miles north and sough of that line. The continent stands between two major oceans. To the west is the Atlantic Ocean and to the east lies the Indian Ocean. The Mediterranean Sea in the north and the Red Sea in the I have 10 different opion on the most common stereotypes about Africa. For the Climate of Africa they said it is hot and dry, for most vegetation they said grassy lands, for most common animal in Africa people said monkeys, African common skin color black, Africans do for living they said herding and farming, types of family Africans live in extended, most common religion in Africa are catholic, common language spoken in Africa is English, civilization white people, government of African countries are democratic, and the biggest problem in Africa today is hunger. These are the results of my CLIMATE: Because of its size, almost every type of climate and vegetation can be found in Africa. The largest climate zone in Africa is the tropical climate with a wet and dry season. The savanna, a grassland, occupied this region, which covers almost half the continent. Like the tropical rain forest, the tropical savanna region is warm all year. In the summer, or rainy season, the climate is hot and wet. In winter it is warm, with little POPULATION: Today the population of Africa is approaching 680 million and is growing rapidly. Population growth has created problems in the drier parts of the savanna. During times of plentiful rainfall, people seeking land move into these semiarid ...

A Literary Review of Everyday Use by Alice Walker

A Literary Review of Everyday Use by Alice Walker American writer and activist Alice Walker is best known for her novel The Color Purple, which won both the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award. She has written numerous other novels, stories, poems, and essays. Her story Everyday Use originally appeared in her 1973 collection, In Love Trouble: Stories of Black Women, and has been widely anthologized since. The Plot of 'Everyday Use' The story is narrated in the first-person by a mother who lives with her shy and unattractive  daughter, Maggie, who was scarred in a fire as a child. They are nervously waiting for a visit from Maggies sister, Dee, to whom life has always come easy. Dee and her companion  boyfriend arrive with bold, unfamiliar clothing and hairstyles, greeting Maggie and the narrator with Muslim and African phrases. Dee announces that she has changed her name to Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo, saying that she couldnt stand to use a name from oppressors. This decision hurts her mother, who named her after loved ones. During the visit, Dee lays claim to certain family heirlooms, such as the top and dasher of a butter churn, whittled by relatives. But unlike Maggie, who uses the butter churn to make butter, Dee wants to treat them like antiques or artwork. Dee also tries to claim some handmade quilts, fully assuming shell be able to have them because shes the only one who can appreciate them. The mother informs Dee that she has already promised the quilts to Maggie. Maggie says Dee can have them, but the mother takes the quilts out of Dees hands and gives them to Maggie. Dee then leaves, chiding the mother for not understanding her heritage, and encouraging Maggie to make something of yourself. After Dee is gone, Maggie and the narrator relax contentedly in the back yard. The Heritage of Lived Experience Dee insists that Maggie is incapable of appreciating the quilts. She exclaims, horrified, Shed probably be backward enough to put them to everyday use. For Dee, heritage is a curiosity to be looked at and something to put on display for others to look at, as well. She plans to use the churn top and dasher as decorative items in her home. She plans to hang the quilts on the wall, [a]s if that was the only thing you could do with quilts. She even treats her own family members as curiosities. She takes numerous photos of them, and the narrator tells us, She never takes a shot without making sure the house is included. When a cow comes nibbling around the edge of the yard she snaps it and me and Maggie and the house. But Dee fails to understand that the heritage of the items she covets comes precisely from their everyday use their relation to the lived experience of the people whove used them. The narrator describes the dasher as follows: You didnt even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood. In fact, there were a lot of small sinks; you could see where thumbs and fingers had sunk into the wood. Part of the beauty of the object is that it has been so frequently used, and by so many hands in the family, suggesting a communal family history that Dee seems unaware of. The quilts, made from scraps of clothing and sewn by multiple hands, epitomize this lived experience. They even include a small scrap from Great Grandpa Ezras uniform that he wore in the Civil War, which reveals that members of Dees family were working against the people who oppress[ed] them long before Dee decided to change her name. Unlike Dee, Maggie actually knows how to quilt. She was taught by Dees namesakes Grandma Dee and Big Dee so she is a living part of the heritage that is nothing more than decoration to Dee. For Maggie, the quilts are reminders of specific people, not of some abstract notion of heritage. I can member Grandma Dee without the quilts, Maggie says to her mother. It is this statement that prompts her mother to take the quilts away from Dee and hand them to Maggie because Maggie understands their history and value so much more deeply than Dee does. Lack of Reciprocity Dees real offense lies in her arrogance and condescension toward her family, not in her attempted embrace of African culture. Her mother is initially very open-minded about the changes Dee has made. For instance, though the narrator confesses that Dee has shown up in a dress so loud it hurts my eyes, she watches Dee walk toward her and concedes, The dress is loose and flows, and as she walks closer, I like it. The mother also shows a willingness to use the name Wangero, telling Dee, If thats what you want us to call you, well call you. But Dee doesnt really seem to want her mothers acceptance, and she definitely doesnt want to return the favor by accepting and respecting her mothers cultural traditions. She almost seems disappointed that her mother is willing to call her Wangero. Dee is possessive and entitled as her hand close[s] over Grandma Dees butter dish and she begins to think of objects shed like to take. And shes convinced of her superiority over her mother and sister. For example, the mother observes Dees companion and notices, Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head. When it turns out that Maggie knows much more about the history of the family heirlooms than Dee does, Dee belittles her by saying, Maggies brain is like an elephants. The entire family considers Dee to be the educated, intelligent, quick-witted one, and so she equates Maggies intellect with the instincts of an animal, not giving her any real credit. As the mother narrates the story, she refers to Dee as Wangero. Occasionally she refers to her as Wangero (Dee), which emphasizes the confusion of having a new name and also pokes a little fun at the grandness of Dees gesture. But as Dee becomes more and more selfish and difficult, the narrator starts to withdraw her generosity in accepting the new name. Instead of Wangero (Dee), she starts to refer to her as Dee (Wangero), privileging her original given name. When the mother describes snatching the quilts away from Dee, she refers to her as Miss Wangero, suggesting that shes run out of patience with Dees haughtiness. After that, she simply calls her Dee, fully withdrawing her gesture of support. Dee seems unable to separate her new-found cultural identity from her own long-standing need to feel superior to her mother and sister. Ironically,  Dees lack of respect for her living family members as well as her lack of respect for the real human beings who constitute what Dee thinks of only as an abstract heritage provides the clarity that allows Maggie and the mother to appreciate each other and their own shared heritage.

Leadership and Team Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership and Team - Assignment Example She even scores high in conscientiousness because she is efficient and well organized as the case informs that she is the first to be at the meeting and she takes the initiative of setting the entire meeting room. She even scores high in extraversion as she is quite energetic in nature, for example: she has already obtained the acceptance from her finance team for the project. She also scores high in agreeableness as she is quite friendly with others such as Laura as she listens to Laura’s family issues and even inquires about those issues. 2. There are two kinds of self monitors, one are those who are regarded as high self monitors and others are regarded as self monitors. Those who are high self monitors keep an eye on the social setting they are situated in and after analyzing the social setting, they alter themselves to fit in the social setting. Laura has a low self monitoring tendency as she does not really care about the setting she is in and she exhibits what she reall y is. For example: In a business meeting she starts talking about the health condition of her child and the issues she is facing at home with Alan. Secondly, she is ready to pour in ideas without being concerned whether those ideas will fit the situation or not. She does not care about the feedback of others and is ready to jump in any conversation as a person who has lower level of self monitoring does. 3. The group is in the storming stage of the group development stages. In this stage, different members have conflict with each other (Jacobs 38). For example: there is a conflict between Amanda and Alan within the case. Although Alan has already gained the green light from her finance team on the project, Amanda still wants her finance team to analyze the project and wants to obtain a green light from them. Secondly, there is struggle for power clearly evident in the case as both Amanda and Alan are trying to lead the team and even the roles of different team members are not clear as Laura inquires whether Alan is the leader of the team. Alan is even fighting for power as she states that even though officially she has not been made the leader, but since her team came up with the project, so she is the leader. 4. The group is not going to experience and at the moment it is not experiencing the issue of group think as the case states that even though Alan had gained acceptability from her finance team, Amanda still wants to confirm from her finance team. But certain incidences of group thinking have taken place, for example: acceptance of Laura’s suggestion for the song that will be played with the television commercial. The group is surely going to face the issue of social loafing as the size of the group is quite huge and except Amanda, Laura and Alan, other group members have failed to contribute much. In order to save the group from facing the threat of social loafing the group leader has to create an environment where all team members can contribute and by obtaining suggestions regarding the project form every team member. 5. The organizational structure is a very healthy one as it is a bottom up structure where those who are in the lower sections of the organization are taken into consideration while decisions are made. This is witness able from the fact that Alan came up with the project which was then approved by the top level management and even Alan got a heads up from its finance department. This shows that the top level management is dependent on the lower level management for decision making. This kind of structure can be proved to be very fruitful for the organization as the lower

Analysing the digital marketing strategy of two companies Essay

Analysing the digital marketing strategy of two companies - Essay Example The navigation bar helps customers in going through a number of advert materials that might be influential in the decision that they finally make. The site also makes it clear that the shop makes free shipping and has a simplified return process. The site makes it clearly evident that they do target female customers given the fact that all their advert materials display female items. In this case, it might be said that the main reason behind targeting female customers is that women are more likely to spend time online looking for items that they like are compared to men. Singer22.com focuses on female fashion products. The pictures of celebrities wearing some of the brands sold at the store are used strategically to lure customers who are fans of these celebrities. This is something that lacks in some retailer sites. However, this site might be said to be lacking shortcuts to connect to the stores social media accounts such as Facebook and Twitter. On the first site someone can easily get the impression on exactly what this site is about. Someone will easily realize that the shop specializes in sportswear and footwear. This is because the images used are a perfect replica of an image that would attract anyone who was looking for sportswear and footwear. The use of models who appear to be sportsmen seem to be a good idea because it gives the impression of what a customer should expect from the store. The navigation bar helps online customers in viewing the advert materials that are used in the sites. The mode of categorization is also highly helpful in this case. The site categorizes its dashboard into: new arrivals, men’s, women’s, Kids, Release calendar, Brands, collections, and find a store. These options make it easier for a customer to get what they want without having to go through all the items that are available in the store. The find a store option is important in enabling customers to locate

Enterprise Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Enterprise Architecture - Essay Example The article provides a brief overview of the TOGAF framework, in simple and comprehensive terms. The author offers an architecture development methodology, based on TOGAF and comprising four steps: tailoring TOGAF to suit enterprise needs; defining the scope of work; overseeing development; and managing post-implementation aspects. Banerjee claims that the TOGAF architecture is not the ultimate solution but merely a starting point in the development of effective enterprise solutions. The article can be extremely useful in the study of various enterprise architecture frameworks. In this article, the TOGAF framework is the central object of analysis. The researchers assert that the main rules and principles of rule-driven systems are too old to be effective. Nonetheless, they have the potential to provide better insight into the rational structure of enterprise architecture frameworks. Bommel et al (2006) use the rules of the TOGAF network to analyze two examples and conclude that, eve n if certain formulations lead to redundancy, they should not be discarded, not to distort the EA picture. Designing enterprise architecture models is not an easy task. Compatibility of various frameworks presents another issue. In this article, the authors discuss and evaluate the TOGAF architecture framework and its relation to architecture development method. The results show how TOGAF can complement EA management and provide the basis for resolving EA related concerns. Carraro and Chong provide a detailed description of the Software as a Service model of enterprise architecture. The benefits and considerations for embracing SaaS are discussed. The article sheds light on how SaaS affects information technologies and how to become a SaaS provider. The article is an excellent source of information about SaaS and become the starting point in the analysis of SaaS applications and frameworks.

American Illustrator Gil Elvgren Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Illustrator Gil Elvgren - Coursework Example His career spanning four decades from the 1930s to the 1970s encompassed different types of art work including commercial advertisements for Coca Cola and other products, and creating illustrations for magazines like the Saturday Evening Post and Good Housekeeping. Elvgren as an artist continues to be remembered till today, mostly for his pin-up paintings for calendars commissioned and produced by the promotional firm Brown and Bigelow. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the work of American illustrator Gil Elvgren, particularly with reference to his pinup art. Gil Elvgren’s Distinctive Pinup Art Style â€Å"Although most of Gil Elvgren’s work was created for commercial use, it has been increasingly recognized as fine art by many private collectors, dealers, galleries and museums† (Meisel & Martignette:12). As the most important pinup and glamor artist of the twentieth century, Elvgren’s expertise in portraying the feminine form was extended beyond the calendar pinup industry. He was greatly influenced by the early â€Å"pretty girl† illustrators such as Charles Dana, Gibson, Andrew Loomis, and Howard Chandler Christy. The Brandywine School founded by Howard Pyle also influenced his work. Besides being a successful commercial artist in various fields, Gil Elvgren was also a professional photographer of repute. He had amazing energy and talent, and was considered as a respected and even revered teacher of students, some of whom went on to become famour artists in their own right. Elvgren’s personally rendered instruction and support was responsible to a great extent, for his students’ success (Meisel & Martignette: 13). Although Elvgren was best known for his pinups, his advertising work â€Å"depicted typical Americans, ordinary people doing everyday things† (ElvgrenPinup.com, 2010). Further, the women that the artist painted were not the femme fatale, the female adventuress, or somebody’s mistress. They reflect the girl next door whose feminine charms are innocently revealed in an unexpected instant, in what might be an embarassing situation. The artist’s supporters agree that Gil Elvgren portraying that fleeting moment when a girl is caught off guard is not only unusual, but has a sexy quality about it. Several of his paintings from the 1940s to the 1960s feature a woman doing an ordinary task such as barbecuing, watering the lawn, or shopping, when she is unprepared for a sudden gust of smoke (Fig.1), jet of water from a hose (Fig.2) or other effect which raises her skirt to reveal her stockings and garters. The woman’s expression is one of shock but never horror, with a hint of a smile â€Å"in the O of her perfectly painted lips† (Taormino: 125). Fig.1. Smoke Screen by Gil Elvgren, 1958 (The Pinup Files 1, 2011) Fig.2. A Near Miss by Gil Elvgren, 1960 (The Pinup Files 2, 2011) It is evident that the context for the scene is created by Elvgren as a pretense for the viewer to get a glimpse under the girl’s skirt. It is both voyeuristic and innocent, because it tells the viewer that he just saw something that he was not supposed to. Though occasionally, the artist has uncovered the upper part of the body, there is very little nudity in his paintings which portrayed an old fashioned naughtiness (Taormino: 125). The Contribution of PInups to World War II Wartime imagery was an anomaly, deviating from the usual norms, and more decorous due to military control over the images. Gil

Cuban Missile Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Cuban Missile Crisis - Essay Example The first team of negotiations comprised of Moscow while the second side comprised of a prominent team of high ranging advisors, with the inclusion of â€Å"the exclusive committee of the national security council†. Though his advisers took part in the discussions or negotiations, it was only the trusted ones that were updated on vital missile concessions.This information was kept a secret from the public, in order to fuel fast resolution of the Cuban missile crisis, president J.F. Kennedy usually engaged in talks with two parties or sides in purse of a quick and lasting solution. The first team of negotiations comprised of Moscow while the second side comprised of a prominent team of high ranging advisors, with the inclusion of â€Å"the exclusive committee of the national security council†. Though his advisers took part in the discussions or negotiations, it was only the trusted ones that were updated on vital missile concessions. The executive committee almost put a dent on the diplomatic solution towards finding a solution to the Cuban missile crisis, their attempt ranged from cold strikes to forming blockages, despite of all these the president was still willing to fight for the resolution. Kennedy went a step further and authorized the secretary of state D. Rusk to publicly make an announcement during the United Nations meeting; this was meant to be if the secret agreement was not to be honored by the soviets but Kennedy was quickly relieved after Moscow accepted to honor the deal and keep it as a top secret.

Quantitative Research Analysis Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quantitative Analysis - Research Paper Example The course indicated is on teaching English to speakers of other languages (ESOL) where 29 participants from the online course and 31 students from the classroom setting were included in the research. The findings revealed that â€Å"students in the Web-based section of the course learned slightly but not significantly more than students in the classroom-based section of the course† (Thirunarayanan & Perez-Prado, 2002, 136). The authors aimed to determine the academic performance or achievement of students between the online course and the classroom setting course. The dependent variable therefore is the measure of achievement of students which is determined through tests (pretests and posttests) and the scores recorded were used to calculate statistical patterns (means, averages, t-test, among others). The independent variables are the kinds of courses offering the ESOL: offline and online groups with different sample sizes. Of course other factors that were taken into consideration were the age of the students (ranging from 21 to 47 years) and the gender (classroom setting: 30 female and 1 male student; online setting: 25 female and 4 male students). The impetus for the development of the study was the need to determine the effectiveness of teaching ESOL as â€Å"one of the final courses required of preservice teachers in their Elementary Education Program with ESOL endorsement† (Thirunarayanan & Perez-Prado, 2002, 132). Both course settings had been applied in both classroom setting and online formats. With the proliferation of distance-learning courses offered through the World Wide Web, there is a need to validate previous research studies which indicate that â€Å"there is no significant difference in the achievement of students enrolled in distance education courses when compared with the achievement of students enrolled in traditional or classroom based courses† (Thirunarayanan & Perez-Prado, 2002, 131). However, the current study did not indicate a

Cuban Missile Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Cuban Missile Crisis - Essay Example The first team of negotiations comprised of Moscow while the second side comprised of a prominent team of high ranging advisors, with the inclusion of â€Å"the exclusive committee of the national security council†. Though his advisers took part in the discussions or negotiations, it was only the trusted ones that were updated on vital missile concessions.This information was kept a secret from the public, in order to fuel fast resolution of the Cuban missile crisis, president J.F. Kennedy usually engaged in talks with two parties or sides in purse of a quick and lasting solution. The first team of negotiations comprised of Moscow while the second side comprised of a prominent team of high ranging advisors, with the inclusion of â€Å"the exclusive committee of the national security council†. Though his advisers took part in the discussions or negotiations, it was only the trusted ones that were updated on vital missile concessions. The executive committee almost put a dent on the diplomatic solution towards finding a solution to the Cuban missile crisis, their attempt ranged from cold strikes to forming blockages, despite of all these the president was still willing to fight for the resolution. Kennedy went a step further and authorized the secretary of state D. Rusk to publicly make an announcement during the United Nations meeting; this was meant to be if the secret agreement was not to be honored by the soviets but Kennedy was quickly relieved after Moscow accepted to honor the deal and keep it as a top secret.

Letter of Intent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letter of Intent - Essay Example ience provided me with a detailed insight into construction and architectural drawings and visual and mechanical inspection of various building elements. I observed the importance of having good leadership and managerial skills in order to excel in the field as an executive. While I explored and polished my leadership and managerial skills in this job, I realized that the importance of being formally qualified in the same cannot be overemphasized. This experience spurred an interest in me to specialize in education and leadership. Five years from now, I want to see myself among the top management executives in my company. I need to have thorough understanding and knowledge of the critical knowledge areas of management band leadership in order to realize my plans. My goal is to establish a strong business model wherein I lead responsibly and effectively. I am positive that getting a Master degree in Education and Leadership from Thompson Rivers University will open new doors of opportunity for me and speak for my competencies and skills as a learned leader before the prospective

Starbucks †Going Global Fast Essay Example for Free

Starbucks – Going Global Fast Essay Controllable: 1) Promotion. I think that spending only 1% of revenue on advertisement is a bit too little and Starbucks should definitely spend more. 2) Product. In Italy for instance food is popular in cafes. To open shops and be successful in Italy Starbucks should have more differentiated products. 3) Price. Again in Italy price for coffee is a bit less than Starbucks proposes. The only way is to make the price less. Uncontrollable: 1) Starbucks tries to control competition for instance paying for rent twice as much, so competitors cannot get a place or renting empty space. Even though it seems to be controllable, customers can be unsatisfied because of that and also businesses can practice same strategy. It also can lead to bad reputation (it is not nice to do so) 2) Starbucks wants to enter French market. The main problem is strict regulations and labor benefits. Considering some problems with working hours and salary that Starbucks had it would be hard to work in France. 3) Italians know which coffee to drink. Considering this Italian coffee culture and the amount of competitors in Italy it will be very difficult for Starbucks to be famous there. 4) Cultural challenge is the main problem for Starbucks to be global. Every country needs to be treated differently. If in US people got used to very sweet coffee, in Japan they did not. Question 2: Potential risks: 1) In my opinion potential risk is connected with dissatisfaction of employees. If Starbucks will not change its policies, salaries, working hours it will have problems with personnel. Potential solution could be identifying gaps connected with employees and try to make everyone happy. Increase the salary if needed, make the environment for employees friendlier, so they will stay and enjoy their work. 2) Another risk is attracting next generation customers. Younger customers feel uncomfortable already, because almost all stuff is same age as they are. Some do not like the terminology. Starbucks can for instance change the terminology once in a while. Make it in different language every time. It also can hire more diverse workforce, young and not so young, different nationalities, so people will feel more comfortable. 3) Because of complains of employees Starbucks can loose its reputation, which can decrease sales. Its good that Starbucks wants to increase its market share and income, but it would be bad if it will loose its reputation because of that. So it is better to focus on both things together. 4) In international environment Starbucks faces a lot of risks. Cultural risks are the most important ones. For instance language differences, tastes and others. Managers of Starbucks should examine foreign cultures better to understand them and provide them with products they want. 5) Competition is a big risk also. To be more competitive Starbucks should not loose its image and make the products more differentiated. As it says in the case study in Japan Starbucks lost 70% of its profits because of competitors. It’s a huge loss and Starbucks should think and fight with competitors. Question 3: Reading the case I noticed that Starbucks uses unethical strategy. Paying for empty space so competitors cannot make business there is unethical I think and it can damage the image of Starbucks. A lot of customers of Starbucks think of ethical part of the business and this strategy will probably make them think to go to Starbucks or other place. Another issue is that Starbucks experiences decrease in sales and tries to improve this aspect. But all efforts (Starbucks express, cards etc.) do not give the desired outcome. There must be something wrong with their strategy. Low salary to employees is an issue too. Starbucks still does not have stores in 8 states in US. It is controllable. Starbucks can open its stores and make them successful there. Question 4: Starbucks can improve the taste of coffee and make it like Japanese people want. Examine culture better and understand what people want and need. Starbucks also can improve service or make better atmosphere. It also can renovate coffee houses. Develop new menu that will fit tastes of Japanese customers. Also Starbucks should always work and improve to keep customers interested and fight with competition. Japanese people are busy, so maybe it would be convenient for them to buy coffee online.

Euthanasia, Rodriguez, and Canadian Law on Assisted Suicide Essay examp

Euthanasia, or assisted suicide, stands as one of the most important debates in contemporary moral philosophy. By definition, euthanasia is the act of intentionally killing or permitting the death of a hopelessly sick or injured individual, in a relatively painless way, for reasons of mercy. The controversy surrounding this unresolved issue seems to be fuelled by popular, albeit problematic, belief that while the passivity of permitting an individual to die is morally acceptable, the act of killing is not. While modern politics is not quick to support euthanasia on a moral or ethical level, many theorists are fascinated by the topic from a legal perspective. In the article "Assisted Suicide, Ethics and the Law", for example, Eike-Henner Kluge utilises the case of Sue Rodriguez to demonstrate the ethically ignorant and discriminatory position of Canadian law regarding assisted suicide. Rodriguez’ 1993 claim to legal assisted suicide created what could be the most important and high profile court case to date regarding euthanasia in Canada. Ms. Rodriguez suffered from a rare form of ALS that would drastically shorten her life expectancy, and gradually rob her of the abilities to walk, move her body at will, and eat and breathe without mechanical assistance. Knowing that her mind would remain alert, yet trapped in the casing of an obsolete body, Rodriguez voluntarily decided to avoid such an unsatisfactory end, lacking in dignity, by requesting active physician-assisted suicide (euthanasia) in a manner of her own choosing, as she would be unable to end her own life at the moment she desired. Rodriguez claimed that ending her life was her right, as any law does not prohibit it, and that it also included the right to assistance ... ...stitutionalisation of discrimination is unacceptable, and thus we must support assistance of an otherwise-impossible suicide act in special cases. Whether it is the general discomfort of considering the preferable circumstances of one’s own demise, or the concept of being willingly and intentionally killed, the euthanasia issue remains one that is, although important, uncomfortable at best. The questions remain, however, as to the circumstances under which euthanasia should be legalised: Are only persons with fatal diseases eligible? With psychological illnesses? Will age restrict who eligibility? Who will decide how much pain one must experience in order to be assisted in suicide? Until these and other answers are realised in social, religious and ethical contexts, euthanasia will continue to proliferate through international political and moral debate forums.

Patriotism and The American Flag Essay -- essays research papers

There is much controversy surrounding the idea of patriotism and the iconography of the American flag in today’s society. Some believe patriotism is simply the act of supporting the decisions of the leaders of the country. Others say, to be patriotic, people should be outspoken and voice their oppositions to what is going on in the government. Opinions also differ on the idea of what the American flag represents. One opinion of the flags representation is that the flag represents our history, and the formerly mentioned idea of patriotism. Others believe the flag also represents our history as a nation, but these beliefs focus much more heavily on the negative aspects of our history; such as slavery and other injustices carried out by our nation. These people often believe we should find a new iconography for our country’s ideas of patriotism. As Barbara Kingsolver states in â€Å"And Our Flag Was Still There,† â€Å"Patriotism seems to be falling to whoever cla ims it loudest, and we’re left struggling to find a definition in a clamor of reaction† (Pg. 1). Therefore, every American’s duty is to define patriotism amongst the clamor of reaction, recapture the American flag’s representation, and create a new icon for the flag.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In times of war, such as these, the importance for everyone to know where they stand on the idea of patriotism so they can voice or enact their opinion to the government and the people around them in a more clear and fair fashion is multiplied. The idea of patriotism can often be an obscure one, and during times of heightened security patriotism is a more spoken upon subject. Discussing the many different views of what patriotism means is a key step in better defining patriotism for all people. Barbara Kingsolver says in her article, â€Å"My patriotic duty is to recapture my flag from the men now waving it in the name of jingoism and censorship† (Pg. 2). What she means by this is that the idea of patriotism is being morphed into something it is not. She believes patriotism should encourage free speech and criticism of our leaders in times of difficult decisions. Instead, what is happening is patriotism is suggesting more fascist ideals than democratic idea ls. Barbara believes her duty is to recapture the true meaning of patriotism and let everyone know what that meaning is. She wants everyone to feel open towards voicing t... ...ed to the Red Cross, the stars of film, theater and music who are using their influences to raise money for recovery, and the small hands of schoolchildren collecting anything they think might help the kids who’ve lost their moms or dads (Pg. 2). Although some of these suggestions are not tangible items, they definitely give me a sense of patriotism, and make me feel good about what is going on in our country today. These people and objects truly, in my opinion, represent patriotism. If we were somehow able to take these objects and ideas and put them into an icon of patriotism I know I would solute it, but until then, I will keep these peoples actions in my mind as what I believe to be true patriotism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The exploration of what patriotism is and what represents patriotism is an important one more people should embark upon. If Americans are to examine patriotisms true meaning, we will be able to abolish this faux patriotism, which is represented by intimidation, censorship, and majority rules attitudes or actions. This can be replaced by feelings and actions of caring, compassion, acceptance, rationality, and nonviolence, or in other words, patriotism.

When Does Life Begin

When does life begin? Nowadays it is difficult to determine the precise instant life begins. There are two opposing sides to this issue. On the one hand, there are those who maintain that there is no life in fertilized eggs. On the other hand, some people believe that life begins at conception. This essay will examine arguments for and against the disposition of fertilized eggs. Those maintaining that there is no life in fertilized eggs contends that life begin at birth when the human soul enters the body.And that is why it is considered that a baby becomes a full-fledged human when the head emerges from the womb. Before then, the embryo is considered as â€Å"partial life†. Some people may disagree with this idea because they considered that life begins at conception. In other words, life begins when the egg and sperm join to produce what is called a zygote. It has been asserted that a zygote is biologically alive since it fulfills the four criteria needed to establish biolog ical life: metabolism, growth, response to stimuli and reproduction.Some people may say that an embryo is just a potential human embryo and therefore it has no life in that state. However, at the time of conception, the egg and sperm combine to form DNA structure. The fertilized egg is alive and carries human DNA. Thus, it is a form of human life. Throughout history there have been several â€Å"answers† to the question of when human life begins, but one can no more determine the precise instant life begins than the precise instant an infant becomes a toddler, a toddler a child, a child an adolescent, an adolescent an adult.

Teen Driving Project

Teen crashes are a constant problem in our society. Teens are extremely likely to get into a crash within the first 6 months of driving. Teens forget to scan the road for hazards that may harm them, drive to fast for road conditions or being distracted. TeenDiving.com says that distractions, drowsiness, texting, and driving under the influence are the absolute main reasons for teen crashes. Anything from putting you makeup on to drinking alcohol, even to falling asleep, can seriously put your life in danger. An online poll of 16-19 year olds showed that over 50% admitted that they text while driving, this is completely unacceptable. When you know you are doing something that can kill you and you don't stop. Teens think they are invincible when they truly are not, and that's what they have to realize to stop they naive behavior.If they are in a crash they have to know that it is important to call the police if it is serious or if anyone is hurt. Also none of the cars should be moved b efore pictures have been taken or the police say that I is okay. It's important that you call the police before anyone else. Even if the other drive doesn't agree, some states mandate it. Then you can call your insurance agent and make any appropriate claims if needed.More teens should take a driver's ed class to learn more about benefitting their safety. Parents and teachers and even their old siblings can have a huge influence on them. Teens just need to be shown that a crash can be seriously bad for everyone in every way. Whether its some hurt or killed or someone's money going towards some else car. http://teendriving.com/driving-tips/on-the-road/#avoiding-accidentsThe problem can be solved by having more teens take drivers ed. I've learned so much from this class and it has made me I better driver. I encourage everyone every teenager to take this class. I personally plan to get my friends to sign up so that they can be safe as well. I feel like I can help them be a better drive r if they took the class and that they will benefit just as much as I did.

How Iceland Was Formed Essay

Iceland, situated on top of a hotspot experiences severe volcanic activity one of the most well known eruptions was in 2010 when Eyjafjallajokull erupted seriously disrupting European air traffic. Iceland is situated is situated in the mid Atlantic ridge a seam in the Earth’s surface under the North Atlantic Ocean where the Eurasian and North American plates slide apart. This island has more than 200 volcanoes which is thought to be what created this island. This picture shows that Iceland sits on a constructive plate boundary as the newest parts of the island are right in the middle of the island, in fact, the new parts are in such a way that you could probably make out whereabouts the boundary is in relation to island. This theory is also confirmed by the way that the oldest parts of the island are right on the outside of Iceland. This picture shows where island is in relation to the mid Atlantic ridge and as you can see it is almost right in the middle of it. This picture also shows that the plates are moving away from each other, suggesting that the mid ocean ridge is going to get bigger as time goes on. Which means Iceland could expand a bit as well. This picture shows an aerial picture of a fissure zone in Thingvellir, Iceland, that is a land exposure in the mid Atlantic ridge. To the right of the fissure is the North American plate pulling west away from the Eurasian plate which is to the left of the fissure.

Les Miserables By Victor Hugo -Social Injustice Essay

Les Miserables By Victor Hugo -Social Injustice - Essay Example These themes are stressed by Hugo’s thoughts and views on politics, religion and justice; this forms a major part of the discourse. Though each of the mentioned themes are evident throughout the novel, they become more clearer on following certain characters who form the spine of the novel. These are, Jean Valjean and Javert, it is through these characters that we witness the extent of social injustice in early France. Social Injustice in Early France Social justice takes many forms; however, this study restricts its analysis to the three forms of social injustice highlighted by Hugo. Hugo in his book Les Miserables brings into focus three areas that require urgent attention, education, criminal justice and the welfare of women. These also happen to constitute a major part of social injustice not only as discussed by Hugo but also as highlighted by different social definitions. A look at France at the time of Hugo’s writing reveals a largely stratified society which was yet to receive the promises and aspirations of those who participated in the French revolution of 1789. It is understood that proper governance which would inevitably translate to social justice was one of the major driving force prior to the French Revolution. Therefore, it was hoped that with the revolution social justice would be achieved. Social justice in this regard referred to equitable distribution of resources, observance of equity in terms of gender and equal employment opportunities. However, close to a century after the revolution this still remained a pipe dream as highlighted in Hugo’s book. French socialists largely blamed capitalism; they argued that capitalism was an immoral system. They looked at capitalism as the reason behind the long working hours, child labor, poverty of working people, unemployment, income inequalities, social injustice and multiple other problems (Pejovich 18). It is these very concerns that form the backdrop of Hugo’s Les Mise rables, he is concerned of the rampant inequality and disregard of human equity. This particular concern is highlighted in the case of Fantine a young energetic woman. She is left to care for her child after the child’s father deserts them; she undergoes immeasurable suffering including a six month jail term for defending her dignity. This is just one instance of injustice against women in the novel; other injustices identified by the French sociologists are rife in Hugo’s book. Child labour is seen in the case of Cosette, Fantine’s daughter who is forced to work by her custodians who still go ahead to demand money for her upkeep. In short, early France was driven by struggles between two main stratifications, the rich and the poor. The rich decided how the poor would lead their lives and provided for systems which completely ignored the rights and privileges of the poor. Most notably, they used law enforcers to continually suppress the poor in a bid to ensure s ubordination. The face of such force in Hugo’s Les Miserables is Javert, Javer was born of a convict father but later denounced both his parents. He chose to work in prison as a guard; at one point he was mandated to guard against a chain gang whose one of the members happened to be Jean Valjean. Javert later on joins the police force, through his new position he is mandated to rid the city off offenders. One of the offenders is Jean Valjean who is apparently a repeat

Political Science Major Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political Science Major - Research Paper Example The New York Times, in an effort to bring a balance to this debate, allowed an exchange of ideas regarding the topic â€Å"Do Police Use Deadly Force Too Often†. I have chosen to use the same topic as the thesis statement for this essay since this is a timely and quite controversial topic that does not seem to have an accurate response in sight. It is my personal opinion that the police have not been using excessive force when dealing with dangerous situations. I will be presenting my supporting opinion in the latter part of this essay. In the meantime, I will be presenting both sides of the issue and hopefully, end up offering some knowledge and considerations to the reader that have not been a part of their consideration of the topic before. Seth Stoughton,a professor from the University of South Carolina School of Law has had the privilege of being both a police officer and a state investigator. He shared his opinion with the New York Times regarding the debate about use of excessive force. It was his opinion that the wrong question is being asked in the debate. Rather than having a public that asks if the shooting was justified, the public should instead be asking if the shooting could have been avoided (Stoughton, Seth â€Å"Police Shouldnt Ask If a Shooting is Justified, But if its Avoidable†). Stoughton spoke from a unique perspective. Having had the experience of a police officer and state investigator, he has found himself in the same situation as the officers accused of using excessive force. The opinion he raised was based upon his personal experience and first hand knowledge of the common scenarios that the police are called upon to respond to. He knew that police officers face extreme circumstances eve ryday. It was his opinion that the use of extreme force cannot be avoided, but it can be limited. Stoughton explains: The tragic shooting of Tamir Rice last November puts the difference between â€Å"justified† and â€Å"avoidable† in stark

How Should American Colleges adjust themselves for International Essay

How Should American Colleges adjust themselves for International Students - Essay Example In addition, in the field of policy of the foreign the United States and other more developed countries’ colleges educate many of those who take positions in leadership. Especially in other countries, this in the end may benefit relations between nations (Kegel 1). In addition, International students from international communities who chose to study in America colleges are mostly the bright students in their home nations and are also very motivated and focused students. However, these international students face a merge of challenges from the time they report to college. One of the challenges, for instance, English proficiency may be particularly problematic for most students from internationally. For example, in China, English is not taught through a speaking form but rather more through writing. As a result, many students from China know English vocabulary and grammar better, but have a hard time in conversing in English. International students from the international community mostly have challenges in understanding lectures, taking part in class discussions, writing term papers and taking notes. These students may also have difficulty understanding U.S English accents, idioms, slang, accents, and jokes. More so, international students may h owever think that they are incompetent in English conversational to participate in class (Kuo 1). However to make this matter more complex, the corporate world and community want students to grow and learn during college. Employers, parents of all students, and the public at large expect that college graduates will have gained adequate knowledge and certain abilities, qualities, and skills, including career cognitive and competencies when undertaking practical. They will demonstrate a given high level of competency in critical thinking, working as teamwork, resilience, solving problems and communication. They will be committed to social and personal

Facilitate Learning and Assessment in the Clinical Environment Essay

Facilitate Learning and Assessment in the Clinical Environment - Essay Example This paper will define the key theory usage of rubric that is the focal point in the hybrid-problem based learning system that has tremendous benefits for any academic center and depicts the ideal relationship between the tutor and the tutee. The current model in the nursing field is to design a challenging curriculum, develop courses, teaching and guiding learners, clinical trials, and finally evaluating along with documenting the outcomes. However, research indicates that few attempts have been made to analyze  changes in relation to the quality of service and patient recovery in United Kingdom. The current reflective model has several aims for the young nurses to be successful.   The current UK model aims to meet the aspirations of the modern medical healthcare services by increasing the recruitment of nurses. One of the most critical components for these young medical professional is to put them in an environment in which they can enhance their skill base and competences with the hosptial’s development progress. More focus is emphasized on training while increasing the staff morale in midst of adversities. Furthermore, the goal was to escalate the interpersonal communications of these students in order for them to communicate with their patients. It is evident that patients and the hospitals want to have this symbotic relationship in which habits of trust and confidentiality are solidified. In today’s modern world of academics, assessing students is a vital component towards evaluating the students’ performances.   The benchmark of assessment is not standard as it varies all across the academic universities in United States and plays a vital role towards the learning process of the student. While students can be assessed through participation and homework, testing is at times required to evaluate students. English is one of the most complex languages in existence as it contains many grammatical intricacies and multiple-meaning wor ds. The issue of testing is sensitive towards students. Many students feel that some methods of testing are unjust as they fail to measure the competence levels of their language proficiency that extends beyond a traditional â€Å"pen and paper based test.† A good test should take both cognitive and verbal proficiency into account in order to assess the learning process. Nursing  education has a body of knowledge on which nurse educator is based on teaching, educational strategies, and curricular designs, but most importantly the knowledge base, which is based on experience. A model that should be developed for nursing students should be simple in order to facilitate the process. It should consist of peer collaboration, discussion, research and testing along with shadowing a medical professional. These steps are vital because they solidify the foundation of core competencies along with remedying deficiencies. Education in health begins with the young generations being more involved in mentoring rather than filling in the blanks of a test. This theory is supported by many scholars as more effective as it enables students to gain a better understanding of the overall approach that occurs. The traditional methods that the most classrooms enforce consist of giving mindless repetition of written drills to teach Math, Science, and English.   Many factors affect international student’s ability to acquire these subject matters since the pressure is on them to excel through a letter grade. That poses a huge problem for

Compare how the wellness understood in 2 different country(west or Essay

Compare how the wellness understood in 2 different country(west or east) - Essay Example However, the United States of America’s national wellness association has defined wellness as â€Å"an active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a more successful existence† (Walters, VI) The physical well being of individuals encompasses all the physical and psychological process exhibited by individuals and demands the input of energy by the individual. This includes the physiological process as well as the well being of the individual in terms of lack of disabilities. This is understood in the same perspective in which the two nations put more emphasis on the absence of the diseases and the general health of individuals. People with diseases are perceived not to be healthy and hence are looked at in a different view. The physical well being of individuals therefore depends much on the ability of the government to put infrastructures that are mainly meant to improve on the health status of the people. However, for the Romans sex plays an important role in determining an individual wellness and health as a whole. As documented in the writings of Foucault (157), Pleasure that was derived from the ancient practices played an important part in individuals living long lives. However to the Eastern nations like Pakistan sex is looked at a taboo especially sex before marriage and hence an individuals could be disowned by the society. The social element of wellness includes the activities that are mainly directed towards the understanding of the social relationships (Marsela, 142). This includes the communication and interaction activities that are meant in nurturing such relationships. Nurtured relationship does not only begin at the older age within the communities but begin at an early age since it influences the personality and moral behaviors of individuals in the future. With regard to the social well being of the people, the nations to the east such as Pakistan have placed more emphasis on women. For the western nations, richn ess is important and determines an individual’s wellness and respect from the society. Sex, marriage and the general respect to the women is vital component of the social well being in the Pakistan community. Sex before marriage is therefore viewed as loss of social well being of an individual and for the women it can cost dearly. In other words issues of marriage and the sex before marriage define the wellness of an individual in the society. This is different in the Romans in which the social wellbeing is defined by the ability of the people to interact freely without restrictions. Unlike in Pakistan, it does not put more weight on social wellness with regard to the marriage or sex before marriage. In the Romans, wellness is not just a mere absence of disease but it encompasses even more aspects of the well being such as the self assessment. In this context, it is different from health since health is a subjective term while wellness is more of objective. The argument here is that health can be defined as the absence of disease and can therefore be measured and tested with the scientific methods to ascertain the healthy standard of an individual. The determination by the physician through the laboratory methods is enough to assert that an individual is free from disease and hence is healthy. On the other hand, wellness is different. It is more of subjective attribute of human life and hence difficult to measure. Self assessment and

The Boy in the Stripped Pajamas Essay Example for Free

The Boy in the Stripped Pajamas Essay The Boy in the Striped Pajamas is about this boy that is called Bruno that’s 8 years old and his dad is a Nazi officer. Bruno has an older sister, a maid, 3 best friends that are called Daniel, Karl, Martin, and of course a mom and a dad. Bruno and his family have to move to Berlin to a new house because his dad got promoted because he had a chance to meet the â€Å"The Fury† (Adolf Hitler) to be control of a concentration camp. Bruno had to leave to a new house and his three friends. When he gets to his new home he doesn’t like it and feels homesick because there was nothing fun to do or had any friends to play with. One day when Bruno sneaked out of his house and was wondering in the wood and saw a camp that he thought that was a farm but it was actually a concentration camp. When he got closer and closer then he saw this kid that was the same age as him and was called Shmuel and a fence where separating them. Then they started talking and became friends. Then each day Bruno started bringing him food. Then Shmuel told Bruno the truth that he was imprisoned because he was a Jew and Bruno didn’t care. One day Shmuel got caught eating a cake by a Nazi officer and Bruno with him. Then Shmuel explained that Bruno gave it to him and Bruno denied what Shmuel said. Several days passed and Bruno didn’t go visit Shmuel. Until one day he went to see Shmuel and he had a black eye and Bruno apologizes for it and they become friends again. Days passed and they both planned that Bruno would be in the other side of the fence with Shmuel so they can play all day. When Bruno got to the other side of the fence some Nazi officers appeared to take the Jews to the gas chamber. Then his mom told his dad that Bruno is missing and they went to look for them. When they got to the concentration camp Bruno’s dad told him to not turn on the gas chamber. It was all too late and when they got there they found out that Bruno was already dead. The movie was based during World War II and its located in Germany Berlin most of the time. This was where some of the concentration camps where located at and that’s where the main character of the lives. The Nazi party blamed and made propagandas about the Jews that they were the fault why Germany is in the ruined. The reaction of many countries for Germany’s action was going to war with them. The Allied powers were the Americans, France, United Kingdom, and Poland. The Axis powers were the Germans, Japan, and Italy. Many of the Germans where supporting Hitler because they thought that he could make Hitler a strong country again. The War lasted between the years 1939-1945. The camp that Bruno’s dad was in charged (Auschwitz) was an actual camp during World War II. This was accurate to because the holocaust really happened. The fact that people was actually beaten up and putted in gas chamber really happened to. Somewhere inaccurate to because the Nazis would have killed people that weren’t able to work. Shmuel wasn’t old enough to work so he should have been one of the first persons to die. The concentration camps fences had electricity. So Bruno wouldn’t be able to crawl under the fence because he would have been electrocuted. I thought that the movie was really sad and really good. The sad part was that Bruno and Shmuel died at the end because they were innocent. It was really good to because it was a very well built movie with some accurate facts and at the same time inaccurate facts. This made me learn not that much about WWII because I still remembered all this stuff from 8th grade but it still refreshed my mind on how WWII was. Citation Page 1. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/history.html 2. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II 3. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis powers 4. www.worldwar-2.net/

Spanish Language Varieties in Spain and in Mexico

Spanish Language Varieties in Spain and in Mexico Spanish language varieties in Spain and in Mexico. George Bernard Shaw regarded Great Britain and America as ‘two countries divided by a common language’. This viewpoint can be also applied to Spain and Mexico, the Spanish-speaking countries with different language varieties and dialects that have been formed under the influence of specific historical, cultural, political and social events. Despite the fact that Spanish is spoken in many countries, the major varieties of Spanish can be observed in Latin America and Spain, where the language, according to Clare Mar-Molinero (2000), â€Å"is buoyant and secure† (p.18). Spanish belongs to the Indo-European language family and comes from Vulgar Latin language, although Spanish vocabulary consists of Italian, French and Arabic words. Spanish language in Latin America has five major varieties: the Caribbean, the South American Pacific, the Argentinian-Uruguyan-Paraguayan, the Central American, and the Highland (or Standard) Latin American. However, this classification is too generalised, as it is based only on the differences in pronunciation. Due to â€Å"the immensity of the territory where Latin American Spanish is spoken† (Lipski, 1994 p.3), linguists analyse language varieties â€Å"along geographical, political, ethnic, musicological and social lines† (Lipski, 1994 p.3). The residents of Mexico mainly use the Caribbean and Highland Latin American dialects that emerged after the formation of Peruvian Spanish. Nahuatl dialect that belongs to the Uto-Aztecan language group (Andrews, 1975) and has â€Å"the greatest influence in centra l Mexico† (Lipski, 1994 p.6) is an ancient Spanish dialect. About one million Mexican people speak Nahuatl dialect nowadays. In Spain there are also two principal language varieties – the Castilian and the Andalusian dialects that were formed in the middle ages, although some regions of Northern and Southern Spain create other specific dialects. As Spanish language descends from Castile, the Spanish region that became a centre of political significance since the thirteenth century, the Castilian dialect is one of the most widespread varieties and is accepted as a national criterion in Spain. Mar-Molinero (2000) considers that the phenomenon of ‘Castilianisation’ was initiated by the Visigoths; however, it was only in the eighteenth century when the Castilian dialect displaced other language varieties as a result of Charles’ III 1768 declaration, demonstrating a profound impact of political prevalence on linguistic prevalence. Mar-Molinero (2000) also states that the Andalusian dialect considerably influenced the formation of the Standard Latin American (pp.36-37), although this viewpoint is strongly opposed by sociolinguists. Other crucial language varieties in Spain are Euskara, Galician and Catalan; these dialects have some parallels with Portuguese and French languages, although they do not belong to the Indo-European language family. The emergence of these three Spanish varieties is closely connected with the spread of nationalism. The Levantine varieties also constitute an important group of dialects utilised in such Spanish regions as Alicante, Valencia and Castellà ³n. People in these areas currently use Catalan/Valencian, Murcian, Andalusian, Aragon, and La Manche/Castile dialects. The differences in all these Spanish language varieties attribute to pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar (Penny, 2000). In particular, pronunciation of the Standard Latin American differs from the Castilian, similar to the dissimilarities between British English and American English. In the Castilian dialect the sounds ‘ce’ or ‘ci’ are changed into ‘th’: ‘gracias’ (thanks) appears as ‘gratheas’; however, in the Standard Latin American the word ‘gracias’ is pronounced as ‘gras-see-as†. Such separate pronunciation of the word ‘grasseeas’ is a characteristic feature of the Standard Latin American dialect. In the Castilian dialect some words are ended in a vocable vowel, losing their last consonants, while two Mexican dialects are characterised by the pronunciation of final consonants. Overall, the speech in Mexico is slow in comparison with the speech in the majority of Spanish regio ns (Hill Hill, 1986); however, the Caribbean, or Lowland dialect is defined as a rather prompt and informal variety of Spanish language. In addition to the differences in pronunciation, there are some differences in grammar. In Mexican Spanish ‘ustedes’ (you) is utilised both for formal and informal address, while in Castilian Spanish there are two words for formal and informal address – ‘ustedes’ and ‘vosotros’, respectively. Some verbs in the Caribbean and Highland Latin American dialects have changed their initial forms, acquiring certain Anglicisms and Americanisms. In particular, Mexican residents say, â€Å"Apliquà © a la Universidad† (I applied to the university), while Spanish people utilise a more precise form – ‘Postulà © a la universidad’. Similarly, Spaniards in Spain prefer to utilise pasado perfecto (the compound tense that is similar to English Present Perfect tense): ‘Yo he viajado a los Estados Unidos’ (I have travelled to the USA). Mexican people use a more simplified tense – pretà ©rito indefinido (Englis h Past Indefinite), for example, â€Å"Viajà © a Estados Unidos† (I travelled to the USA). According to Julia Kristeva (1989), â€Å"Language is so intimately linked to man and society that they are inseparable† (p.3); thus, the utilisation of Anglicisms and Americanisms in Mexican Spanish reflects historical and social differences between Spain and Mexico. Duncan Green (1997) points at the impact of the United States on language and identity of Mexican population; in particular, the author states that â€Å"The mass media has become a battleground in the struggle to define Latin American’s identity† (pp.98-99). The simplification of Spanish language in Mexico reveals that various social changes modify language, and language shapes the identity of Mexican people. As Mar-Molinero (2000) states, â€Å"Not only does language have an instrumental role as a means of communication, it also has an extremely important symbolic role as marker of identity† (p.3). Due to the fact that social identities of Mexican and Spanish people differ, Spanish language of Mexico and Spain is characterised by a rather diverse vocabulary. For instance, the word ‘Okay’ is translated as ‘Sale’ in Mexico, and as ‘Chungo’ – in Madrid; similarly, the word ‘work’ is rendered as ‘chambear’ in Mexico and as ‘currar’ – in Spain. Another difference that distinguishes Mexican Spanish from Spanish in Spain is the preservation of archaisms in the Caribbean and Highland Latin American dialects. Such words and expressions as ‘Órale’ (All right), ‘Ya mero’ (almost) or ‘Quà © pedo?† (What is going on?) are normal for Mexican Spanish, but they are not utilised in Spain. John Lipski (1994) considers that these language varieties emerged as a result of cultural and social interactions of Spain and Mexico with other countries. The Standard Latin American dialect was considerably influenced by Italian and African immigrants who arrived in Latin America at the end of the nineteenth – the beginning of the twentieth centuries (Lipski, 1994 pp.11-12). Skidmore and Smith (2000) reveal the similar viewpoint, claiming that in Latin America â€Å"languages, food, sports, and music all show profound and continuing African influence† (p.356). Simultaneously, the Standard Lat in American and the Caribbean dialects reflect native roots, especially Indian roots that are rather distinct in Mexican Spanish. For instance, the language of the Mayans serves as the basis for more than thirty dialects in Mexico, let alone the language of the Aztecs. In particular, many modern Mexican dialects preserve initial and final sounds tl- in certain words, like ‘Nahuatl’, ‘Quetzalcoatl’, the god of Aztecs, or ‘Tlaxcala’, Mexican state. As Skidmore and Smith (2000) point out, â€Å"Aside from the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas, there were many other Indian cultures. In the area of modern-day Mexico alone there were over 200 different linguistic groups† (p.14). However, the impact of the Castilian language on the formation of Mexican Spanish is the greatest, as the Castilian was the only language taught in Mexican schools with the arrival of Spanish settlers. Thus, three major aspects aggravated the differences between Spanish spoken in Spain and Spanish spoken in Mexico: Spanish settlements in Mexico, immigration of English, Italian and African people, and finally, linguistic drift. Analysing Spanish language varieties in Mexico and Spain, the essay demonstrates that the differences mainly exist in spoken language, influencing such linguistic aspects as vocabulary, pronunciation and grammar. The Caribbean and Highland Latin American dialects in Mexico and the Castilian and the Andalusian dialects in Spain are characterised by diverse accent, idioms and unique words, but these variants are integral parts of Spanish language. As a result of various social and political changes, modern Mexican Spanish has been exposed to the process of Americanisation, which considerably simplifies vocabulary and grammar of Spanish dialects in Mexico and intensifies the differences between Mexican Spanish and Spanish spoken in Spain. The spread of travels and mass media changes Spanish language in both Mexico and various areas of Spain, revealing unique cultural identities of different Spanish-speaking groups.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Bibliography Andrews, J. R. (1975) Introduction to Classical Nahuatl. Austin, University of Texas. Green, D. (1997) Faces of Latin America. Nottingham, Russell Press, Latin American Bureau. Hill, J. H. and Hill, K.C. (1986) Speaking Mexicano. Tucson, University of Arizona Press.   Kristeva, J. (1989) Language: The Unknown An Initiation Into Linguistics. London, Harvest Wheatsheaf. Lipski, J.M. (1994) Latin American Spanish. London, New York, Longman. Mar-Molinero, C. (2000) The Politics of Language in the Spanish-Speaking World from Colonization to Globalization. London, New York, Routledge. Penny, R. (2000) Variation and Change in Spanish. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Skidmore, T. E. and Smith, P.H. (2000) Modern Latin America. 5th edition. Oxford, Oxford University Press.