Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and the Model of Human...

Running head: COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY AND THE MODEL Abstract Human behavior can be explained by a variety of biological, psychosocial, and environmental factors interacting on a person over time. The values, beliefs, and goals that determine the behaviors one engages in are developed through cognitive processes unique to each individual as a result of the interplay between previous learning and the aforementioned factors. When considered together, the Model of Human Occupation and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy give an explanation for this view of human behavior. These frames of reference are reviewed in regards to their conceptions of behavior, dysfunction, treatment approach, and their relevance to occupational therapy.†¦show more content†¦Volition is determined by ones innate drive to master his/her environment, as well as his/her beliefs surrounding a behavior (Bruce Borg, 1993). Personal causation, values, and interests comprise volition. Personal causation is the motivation and expectations surrounding a behavior. It incorporate s past successes and failures to form images of self-efficacy. Values represent the importance of certain behaviors to an individual. Interests are determined by the pleasure one derives from engaging in a specific occupation (Kielhofner Burke, 1980). Volition is believed to govern over the lower subsystems of the hierarchy (Kielhofner Burke, 1980). The middle subsystem is defined as habituation. Habituation is responsible for organizing behavior into roles, patterns, and routines. Roles reflect a group of behaviors with which an individual may have certain expectations of performance. The individuals beliefs and society influence these expectations. Roles contribute to self-identity and influence behavior. This organization allows for certain behaviors to be performed automatically and adapted to various environments. Performance, the lowest subsystem within the hierarchy, consists of the skills necessary for producing behavior. These include perceptual-motor processing skills, cognition, and communication. The function of the performance subsystem is to produce behaviors calledShow MoreRelatedA Look at Human Behavior: Cognitive-Behavioral Frame of Reference1849 Words   |  8 PagesHuman behavior can be perceived through an in finite amount of perspectives; each individual has their own philosophy regarding the topic. The question of why do people do what they do has been around for ages, and when occupational therapist are asked the question often they turn to theories and frames of references for answers. A frame of reference is a â€Å"set of internally consistent and related concepts, postulates and principles that could be used to guide practice† (Bruce Borg, 2007). TheseRead MorePerformance Environment Occupation Performance Model1007 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance-Environment-Occupation-Performance Model Occupational Therapy, along with many other professions, have models that guide the profession. These models, known as the Occupational-based Models of Practice, guide Occupational Therapists in the care of clients (Cole Tufano, 2008, p. 87). Although there are many models, each model has its own distinct features and focuses. Similar in many forms, they also have unique characteristics, and each have a different emphasis. These models have the guidingRead MorePsychology : Counseling And Therapy Professions Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesImmediately after the encounter with the man at the hospital, I started researching counseling and therapy professions. I had most of the prerequisites to apply to the programs, minus an abnormal psychology class. The following semester, I enrolled in Abnormal Psychology and found it to be one of the most interesting classes I had ever taken. One day I was walking on campus and ran into a past classmate from high school. As we exchanged conversati on and talked about our future plans, she informedRead MoreOccupational Therapy : A Diverse Field1395 Words   |  6 PagesOccupational Therapy focuses primarily on helping people in the things they want and need to do for everyday life through therapy. Occupational therapy is a diverse field that is a powerful, science-driven, and evidence-based profession. This career field requires friendliness, empathy, no judgement, knowledge, and assertiveness. Occupational therapists must also have good written, verbal, and nonverbal communication skills and critical thinking skills. It is a physically, mentally, and emotionallyRead MoreFamily Therapy Approaches For The Client s Diverse Needs2102 Words   |  9 Pages Family Therapy Approaches Maryam Salimpour MFCC/556 June 2, 2015 Megan Crouse, MFT Family Therapy Approaches Therapists work different theoretical perspectives to meet the client’s diverse needs. The object is to offer verbal and nonverbal, expressive therapies, such as Narrative, Solution-Focused and Brief Therapy, Behavioral Therapy, and Cognitive Therapy. The concept is to take into account the therapist preferences and the issues that the therapist would like to approach for the client’sRead MoreThe Underlying Cause Of Veteran Suicide1953 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Armed Forces and How to Prevent It I will use two different disciplines the first being Psychology. Psychology has long been used to study suicide and why it happens. Journals in the manner of Clinical Psychology have developed a theoretical model that hypothesizes that depression and self-derogation may lead to a lack of purpose in life, which, in turn, may lead to suicide ideation. (Lisa L. Harlow, 2006) Others research has focused on physical pain, social suffering and fear. It’s noted thatRead MoreThe Movie The Rain Man With Having Autism 866 Words   |  4 Pageshaving autism. The autism symptoms disorder had several of Raymond’s characteristics, such impairment in social interaction, and multiple nonverbal behaviors. In this moment the Medical Model applies in Raymond case, when Raymond as a patient and needed a specialist for his psychological, behavioral, or cognitive disabilities. (Cole). Raymond could not look at people eyes, and most of the times slouched down spoken to keeping on a conve rsation. He refuse any kind the touch or even any fast anticipationRead MoreCase of Ruth1478 Words   |  6 Pagesof Personality In reality, Ruth appears to have superficially avoided normal rebellion and have suppressed her sexuality except for adopting a wifely role with the first man she dated. Although she followed the format of using her mother as a role model and having children by an acceptable husband, she apparently abdicated in the struggles of sexuality, rebellion, and identification, leaving these conflicts unresolved. Her conscious recollection of her parents’ are of a rigid, fundamentalist fatherRead MoreA Brief Comparison of Historical Paths for the Clinical and Counselling Streams of Psychology2301 Words   |  10 PagesClinical psychology is primarily concerned with the assessment, treatment, and study of populations who experience severe mental illness (Bechtoldt, Campbell, Norcross, Wyckoff, Pokrywa, 2000; Norcross, 2000) clinical psychologists mostly employ behavioral and psychoanalytic theoretical orientations when treating clients (Norcross, 2000). In contrast, counselling psychologists generally aim to support people who, while not typically suffering from severe mental illness, need assistance in overcomingRead MoreEtiology of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Cbt)7923 Words   |  32 PagesCognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) of depression is a psychotherapeutic treatment approach that involves the application of specific, empirically supported strategies focused on changing nega tive thinking patterns and altering behavior. In order to alleviate the symptoms of depression, treatment is directed at the following three domains: cognition, behavioral and physiological. In the cognitive domain, patients learn to apply cognitive restructuring techniques so that negatively distorted thoughts

Analysis Of `` Leaves Of Grass `` By Walt Whitman

During the 19th-century people were deterred from the idea that through Christ you found your righteousness and the ability to be reliant not only Him, but upon yourself as well. Ralph Waldo Emerson dug deeper into this theory of being a self-reliant person in his writing, â€Å"Self-Reliance†. His rhetorical language throughout the speech, turned book, he explains exactly how an individual of the 19th century, becomes self-reliant. Although he was writing to a specific audience, the core values and - for his time- wildly unorthodox theories of this speech are relatable still to this day. Not long after this book was published, Emerson’s acquaintance and fellow writer, Walt Whitman, countered his theories in â€Å"Leaves of Grass†, later called†¦show more content†¦It’s like writing your own rules on life and actually living up to them. Much like Emerson also said shortly after that, â€Å"In every work of genius we recognize our own rejected tho ughts: they come back to us with a certain alienated majesty.† (Emerson pg. 642). Here Emerson clearly states what everyone thinks and feels when reading powerful works of art, this could easily include the bible. Whenever we read the words we’ve so longed to say but forgotten how it releases a mystical feeling where for once we understand the words we so long to speak. This exhibits self-reliance because it boosts your trust in your own abilities; the reinforcement of the feelings or words you’ve forgotten along the way are a steady reminder of what you believe in and live by day-to-day. Another way Emerson establishes what it is like to be self-reliant is by stating, â€Å"The virtue in most request is conformity...† (Emerson pg. 643). Conformity is the act of being socially accepted by the world’s conventions or standards. Emmerson wrote against this, he strongly argued that anyone who conformed to societal standards. He made this very clear when he said, â€Å"Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist.† (Emerson pg. 643). The most profound thing that Emerson would have us take away from this reading would be to Trust thyself, a motto that ties together his whole intent behind writing self-reliance. (Emerson pg. 642). To depend on another sShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Walt Whitman s Leaves Of Grass 945 Words   |  4 PagesTyler Petry Walt Whitman Mar 20 2017 Walt Whitman was one of the greatest poets of the eighteen hundreds. Most of his poems can be found in his short book Leaves of Grass. He is one of the best known America s poets and set the standard for intellectual patriotic poems. Walt was born on May 31, 1819 in Long Island, New York. His father was an English carpenter and house builder whom was very strict. While hisRead MoreAn Inexplicable Nature of the American Identity Essay1242 Words   |  5 PagesBut as time progressed, the feeling of unlimited strength, time and space transformed into something that, for better or worse, was no longer shared by later poets. Those of the â€Å"New World† came to realize that their world never really managed to leave behind the faults of the â€Å"Old.† Societal tension rose as different poets and authors struggled to pin down the direction of American culture and its ideals. When no solid idea was able to capture American culture adequately, the concept of an ever-evolvingRead MoreSong of Myself by Walt Whitman Essay1343 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Song of Myself†, Walt Whitman reveals some of his views on democracy through the use of symbolism and free verse poetry. His use of symbolism and fre e verse poetry creates indeterminacy, giving the reader hints rather than answers about the nature of the poem. In the sixth part of â€Å"Song of Myself†, a child asks the narrator of the poem, â€Å"What is the grass?† (Whitman). Instead of simply giving an answer, the narrator cannot make up his mind, and stumbles on how to explain the grass to the child. ThroughRead More Whitman and Neruda as Grassroots Poets Essays1812 Words   |  8 PagesWhitman and Neruda as Grassroots Poets â€Å"The familial bond between the two poets [Walt Whitman and Pablo Neruda] points not only to a much-needed reckoning of the affinity between the two hemispheres, but to a deeper need to establish a basis for an American identity: ‘roots,’ as Neruda referred to his fundamental link with Whitman† (Nolan 33). Both Walt Whitman and Pablo Neruda have been referred to as poets of the people, although it is argued that Neruda with his city and country houseRead MoreWalts Whitmans Vision of America in Leaves of Grass17685 Words   |  71 PagesWalt Whitman’s vision of America in Leaves of Grass Valentine†©Abbet†© TRAVAIL†©DE†©MATURITE†© †© Sous†©la†©direction†©d’Anne†©Roland†Wurzburger†© Gymnase†©du†©Bugnon,†©Lausanne†© 2012†©  «I have sung the body and the soul, war and peace have I sung, and the songs of life and death, And the songs of birth, and shown that there are many births. I have offerd my style to every one, I have journeyd with confident step; While my pleasure is yet at the full I whisper So long! » Walt Whitman, So Long !, Deathbed editionRead MoreEssay on Walt Whitman1376 Words   |  6 PagesWalt Whitman In parting with traditional poetic formalities, Walt Whitman alleviated a burden that impeded his ability to achieve full poetic expression. To Whitman, the strict boundaries that formal meter, structure, and rhyme imposed set limits on his stylistic freedom. This is not to say that these limits prevented Whitman from conveying his themes. Rather, they presented a contradiction to which Whitman refused to conform. In Whitman’s eyes, to meet these formal guidelines one wouldRead More The Democratic Value of Whitmans Leaves of Grass Essay3334 Words   |  14 Pagesof Walt Whitmans Leaves of Grass evince an incipient awareness of the unifying and acutely democratic aspects of the poetry. An article in the November 13th, 1856, issue of the New York Daily Times describes the modest, self-published book of twelve seemingly formless poems: As we read it again and again, and we will confess that we have returned to it often, a singular order seems to arise out of its chaotic ver ses (2). The Daily Timess identification of order out of chaos in Leaves of GrassRead MoreAllen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California Literary Analysis1669 Words   |  7 PagesJasamyn Wimmer English 1B Professor Kleinman 5 March 2013 Brief Literary Analysis Lost America: An analysis of â€Å"A Supermarket in California† Allen Ginsberg; philosopher, activist, poet, a man highly revered as a groundbreaking figure between the 1950’s Beat Poetry Generation and the counter-cultural revolution of the 1960’s (poetryarchive.org). Ginsberg’s first book â€Å"Howl and Other Poems,† was published in 1955, his work was involved in an illustrious obscenity trial because of the use ofRead More Essay on Whitman’s Bivouac on a Mountain Side1156 Words   |  5 Pages Analysis of Whitman’s Bivouac on a Mountain Sidenbsp;nbsp; nbsp; First published after the conclusion of the Civil War in 1865, Walt Whitman’s poem â€Å"Bivouac on a Mountain Side† portrays more than just the tangible picture of a transcendentalist’s vision. The mood of the poem reflects the author’s observations and visions of the Civil War while stationed in Washington and Virginia as well as his beliefs about the war by use of imagery and symbolism. nbsp; The use of imagery in â€Å"BivouacRead MoreEssay on Whitmans Music as a Means of Expression2414 Words   |  10 PagesWhitmans Music as a Means of Expression In his verses, Walt Whitman eradicates divisions of individual entities while simultaneously celebrating their unique characteristics. All components of the universe are united in a metaphysical intercourse, and yet, are assigned very distinct qualities so as to keep their identities intact. Often times, Whitman demonstrates these conceptions through elements of song. â€Å"Walt Whitman caroled throughout his verse. For the Bard of Democracy, as America came

Adrenalin free essay sample

A rock band needs more than just pretty album covers, cute flowery logos, ecstasy, and a memorable name to be successful; an innovative record company could help. Joining the family of the independent British record label, Creation Records (which includes such bands as Ride, Primal Scream, Teenage Fanclub, My Bloody Valentine, and Swervedriver), is former Rough Trade artists, The Boo Radleys. Their latest release, Adrenalin, is a worthy follow-up to one of my favorite records of all time, Boo Up! Before this was released, I asked their talented lead singer to explain what I should expect from their new material, and he confidently replied, Were a lot more directed toward what we want to do this time, since we know what works for us. Our new songs will be really different from each other, and much more intense. This new-found intensity is definitely the case with the Adrenalin EP. The opening song, Lazy Days, is deceivingly titled, since the music starts off loud and fast. We will write a custom essay sample on Adrenalin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But the vocals are quite smooth and calming, and the entire song is less than two minutes long. Vegas is the second track and the guitars and vocals work well together for a nice relaxing, yet profound, effect. Its really a beautiful piece, which even your parents probably would not mind listening to. The third song, Feels Like Tomorrow, kicks off with fierce drum beats and harsh, rigorous, guitar-driven energy. In other words, it has hit written all over it. Although this could be the heaviest song theyve ever done, the lyrics, which are quite meaningful, remain clear and easy to understand. When I first heard the closing song, Whiplashed, the words magical, mystical and celestial immediately came to mind. The somber, eerie guitars induce an enveloping, dreamlike atmosphere. I highly recommend this EP to anyone whos willing to explore other types of music. This band, whose members are originally from Liverpool, particularly enjoys listening to groups like Mercury Rev, Sonic Youth, Babes in Toyland, and Dinosaur Jr. However, they cite their major influences as My Bloody Valentine and another Liverpool band The reason why were in a band is because of the Beatles, explained their songwriter/guitarist. And since they keep getting better, there is no doubt they could be very popular in America. And even if they dont achieve fame here, the oldest member of the band is a mere 23, so The Boo Radleys will hopefully at least be putting out great records in England for a long, long time. n

My Left Foot, The Elephant Man, And Mask Essays - The Mask

My Left Foot, The Elephant Man, And Mask My Left Foot, The Elephant Man, and Mask The Movies My Left Foot, The Elephant Man, and Mask are all movies about people with disabilities. These three movies depict the lives of three men and the way society treats them and their disabilities. My Left Foot is about a man who can only use his left foot because of cerebral palsy and alcoholism. The Elephant Man is about a man who has very large, severe tumors on his whole body. Mask is about a young man who has a very large face that looks almost like he's wearing a mask. Society doesn't realize how important the little things are to people with disabilities. The Elephant Man, John Merrick, was displayed in a freak show as a beast. He was really a very gentle man who loved everyone, the only thing wrong with him, was he wasn't as healthy or pretty as everyone else in society. Society basically avoided him, and when they did see him, they ran, screamed, pointed, or stared. John dealt with his disability by locking himself out from the world. One day, he went to the opera, and that was the most important thing in his life. Many people take things like going to the opera for granted, but to John, there couldn't have been a greater pleasure. In the movie Mask, Rocky was a boy with a disfigured face. Doctor's told him that he was going to die, since he was three, but he lived for much longer than three years. Rocky was a very nice boy, and a lot of people liked him. Society looked at him as a funny creature because of his large face, but because of his strength, he made most people get past that and see the real him. Rocky had a great attitude and was very big on joking around, so he used comedy as his defense in tough situations. I think to Rocky one of the most important things he got to do was go to a school with normal children. Most people don't realize how important being with normal people is when you're disadvantaged. In the movie My Left Foot, Christy Brown was forced to overcome cerebral palsy and alcoholism. Society was very rude to Christy and many people looked down upon him in the beginning. He became a world-renowned author and artist. The most important thing to Christy was being able to write and draw due to his disability of only using his left foot. Many people can write, but few are forced to do it with only their left foot. Society doesn't realize how important the little things are to people with disabilities. All three of these movies were very good. I think they depicted the disabilities of the characters well. I believed that every one of these actors had the disabilities that they were acting the part of. Movies like this kind of make you think about how good you have things and how lucky you are. Many of us take too many things for granted and these movies make you step back and look at life and how good you have things.